Tiny Pressure
About the weight of a few sheets of paper resting on your hand.

Do you still remember Force?

What about Area?

What if Force and Area are BOTH involved at the same time...?
Let's find out ↓
Pressure is the amount of force acting on each unit of area. The smaller the area, the higher the pressure even with the same force.
P = F ÷ A
Sharp vs Blunt – What Changes?
SHARP Area: 6 mm²
F = 0 N
A = 6 mm²
P = 0 Pa
Same force, smaller area → pressure skyrockets. That's why sharp knives cut!
Pressure Comes in Different Forms
Depending on where and how we measure it, pressure has different names.

Atmospheric Pressure

The weight of the entire air column above you pressing down.

Why your ears pop on a plane
When pressure is applied to a trapped fluid, it spreads equally in every direction. That is why a small input force can create a much larger output force in a hydraulic system.
Pascal's Law – Hydraulic Lift
A=10 cm² F in A=100 cm² Small Piston Large Piston Same P!
F in = 0 N
P = 0 kPa
F out = 0 N
Pressure spreads equally — a small push on tiny area lifts a car on big area!
Water pressure increases with depth because more water sits above you. That extra weight pushes harder on everything below the surface.
Deep Dive – Hydrostatic Pressure
Surface — 0 m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 😊 P = 0 kPa depth = 0 m
0 m
P = ρgh = 0 kPa
+ atm = 101 kPa total
Every 10 m deeper adds ~100 kPa — equal to the whole atmosphere above!
For a trapped gas, pressure rises when the gas is squeezed into a smaller space. More collisions happen in less room, so the pressure goes up.
Boyle's Law – Squeeze the Gas
drag ←→ LOW HIGH P₀ PRESSURE V = 100%
Drag the brown piston left ←
V = 100%
P = 1.0× P₀
Halve the volume → double the pressure. P × V = constant!
Your heart creates pressure to move blood through a large network of vessels. When the heart beats harder or faster, blood pressure changes too.
Blood Pressure – Feel Your Pulse
Click to beat! ECG Systolic 120 mmHg Stress: Normal
Systolic: 120 mmHg
Diastolic: 80 mmHg
Your heart creates pressure to push blood through 100,000 km of vessels!
Real World Applications
Pressure shows up everywhere in daily life, from cutting tools and car tyres to breathing, building machines, and moving vehicles.

Sharp Tools

Needles and blades use tiny areas to increase pressure.

Tyres

Gauge pressure helps keep cars stable and safe.

Hydraulics

Brakes and lifts move huge loads with fluid pressure.

Water Depth

Divers and submarines feel increasing pressure below the surface.

Breathing

Lungs create pressure changes so air can move in and out.

Space Rockets

Hot gas escaping downward pushes rockets upward.

Quiz Challenge
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Rocket Launch – Pressure Powers Space!
THRUST MAX 0 0% Liftoff at 28,000 km/h! Pressure from burning fuel powers the rocket up!
Thrust: 0 N
Burning fuel creates massive pressure — nowhere to go but DOWN, so the rocket goes UP!